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All content on this page by eGov Foundation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

On this page
  • Overview
  • Terminology
  • Ingress Overview
  • Pre-requisites
  • Ingress Resource
  • Ingress Rules

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  1. Accelerators
  2. Concepts
  3. Deployment - Key Concepts

Routing Traffic

PreviousDeployment ArchitectureNextBackbone Deployment

Last updated 1 year ago

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On this page:

Overview

In Kubernetes, an Ingress is an object that allows access to your Kubernetes services from outside the Kubernetes cluster. You configure access by creating a collection of rules that define which inbound connections reach which services.

This lets you consolidate your routing rules into a single resource. For example, you might want to send requests to example.com/api/v1/ to an api-v1 service, and requests to example.com/api/v2/ to the api-v2 service. With an Ingress, you can easily set this up without creating a bunch of LoadBalancers or exposing each service on the Node.

An API object that manages external access to the services in a cluster, typically HTTP. Ingress may provide load balancing, SSL termination and name-based virtual hosting.

Terminology

For clarity, this guide defines the following terms:

  • Node: A worker machine in Kubernetes, part of a cluster.

  • Cluster: A set of Nodes that run containerized applications managed by Kubernetes. For this example, and in most common Kubernetes deployments, nodes in the cluster are not part of the public internet.

  • Edge router: A router that enforces the firewall policy for your cluster. This could be a gateway managed by a cloud provider or a physical piece of hardware.

Ingress Overview

  internet        | [ Ingress ]   --|-----|--   [ Services ]

Pre-requisites

Ideally, all Ingress controllers should fit the reference specification. In reality, the various Ingress controllers operate slightly differently.

Ingress Resource

An Ingress resource example:

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Ingressmetadata:  annotations:    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx  name:  service1  namespace: egovspec:  rules:  - host: foo.bar.com    http:      paths:      - backend:          serviceName:  service1          servicePort: 8080        path: /foo  tls:  - hosts:    - foo.bar.com    secretName: foo.bar.com-tls-certs

Ingress Rules

Each HTTP rule contains the following information:

  • A list of paths (for example, /testpath), each of which has an associated backend defined with a service.name and a service.port.name or service.port.number. Both the host and path must match the content of an incoming request before the load balancer directs traffic to the referenced Service.

A default backend is often configured in an Ingress controller to service any requests that do not match a path in the spec.

​

Cluster network: A set of links, logical or physical, that facilitate communication within a cluster according to the Kubernetes .

Service: A Kubernetes that identifies a set of Pods using selectors. Unless mentioned otherwise, Services are assumed to have virtual IPs only routable within the cluster network.

​ exposes HTTP and HTTPS routes from outside the cluster to within the cluster. Traffic routing is controlled by rules defined on the Ingress resource.

An Ingress may be configured to give Services externally-reachable URLs, load balance traffic, terminate SSL / TLS, and offer name based virtual hosting. An is responsible for fulfilling the Ingress, usually with a load balancer, though it may also configure your edge router or additional frontends to help handle the traffic.

An Ingress does not expose arbitrary ports or protocols. Exposing services other than HTTP and HTTPS to the internet typically uses a service of type or .

You must have an to satisfy an Ingress. Only creating an Ingress resource has no effect.

You may need to deploy an Ingress controller such as . You can choose from a number of .

​As with all other Kubernetes resources, an Ingress needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields. The name of an Ingress object must be a valid . For general information about working with config files, see , , . Ingress frequently uses annotations to configure some options depending on the Ingress controller, an example of which is the . Different support different annotations. Review the documentation for your choice of Ingress controller to learn which annotations are supported.

The Ingress has all the information needed to configure a load balancer or proxy server. Most importantly, it contains a list of rules matched against all incoming requests. Ingress resource only supports rules for directing HTTP(S) traffic.

An optional host. In this example, no host is specified, so the rule applies to all inbound HTTP traffic through the IP address specified. If a host is provided (for example, ), the rules apply to that host.

A backend is a combination of Service and port names as described in the or a by way of a . HTTP (and HTTPS) requests to the Ingress that matches the host and path of the rule are sent to the listed backend.

Learn about the ​

Learn about

🚀
networking model
Service
label
Ingress
services
Ingress controller
Service.Type=NodePort
Service.Type=LoadBalancer
ingress controller
ingress-nginx
Ingress controllers
DNS subdomain name
deploying applications
configuring containers
managing resources
rewrite-target annotation
Ingress controller
spec
foo.bar.com
Service doc
custom resource backend
CRD
Ingress API
Cert-manager
Overview
Terminologies used
Ingress
Pre-requisites
Ingress resource
Ingress rules